ABSTRACT
Aims: Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of high-resolution real-time gray-scale ultrasonography with ultrasound-guided ?ne-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in identifying thyroid cancer nodules. Thyroid nodules are a frequent medical condition brought on by a number of thyroid problems. By palpating them, they can be detected in 4%–8% of adults, in 10%–41% of adults by ultrasonography (US), and in 50% of people by pathologic examination at autopsy. The thyroid gland's pathological states and thyroid gland morphology can be accurately assessed by using HRUSG. Our study's objective is to evaluate the reliability of HRUSG in identifying malignant nodules with the help of ultrasound-guided ?ne-needle aspiration cytology. It is a retrospective study of 50 patients Settings and Design: (aged 16–63 years) who were examined with high-resolution ultrasound (HRUSG) of the thyroid gland and for ultrasound- guided FNAC between January 2022 till August 31, 2022 This study comprised 50 patients with thyroid Material and methods nodules identi?ed by ultrasonography. Each nodule's properties were identi?ed. Following that, the outcomes were differentiated with Ultrasound-guided FNAC. Sensitivity, speci?city, positive predictive value, Stastistical Analysis used: negative predictive value and accuracy were used Out of 50 nodules examined, 10 (20%) were found to be malignant Results: on cytology. In this study with the aid of Gray-scale ultrasound features of thyroid nodules ,malignant thyroid Conclusions nodules can be differentiated from those with benign ones. HRUSG ?ndings of hypoechogenicity, microcalci?cation, and poorly de?ned margins have high diagnostic accuracy for identifying malignant thyroid nodules as mentioned in our study
ABSTRACT
Doppler ultrasonography is the main modality for imaging of hemodialysis AV ?stula as it is safe and non-invasive. This study is to measure the Arterio-venous (AV) ?stula blood ?ow during early postoperative period (0–7days) and assess its role in AV ?stula failure prediction. Doppler ultrasonography was used to estimate the blood ?ow in the AV ?stula of 50 patients at (0–7days) after the ?stula was made. The blood ?ow in ?stula during early postoperative period for ?stula failure was evaluated, and long term failure was predicted. Blood ?ow rates Method measured in arteriovenous ?stula created in upper extremity were measured in ?rst week and sixth week post-operative. Results After follow up evaluation out of 50 patients, 40 ?stulas considered to be matured; 10 considered failed. 30% failure were males and 70% were female. In early post operative period, cut off was set at 182 ml/min and the sensitivity of blood ?ow for prediction of ?stula failure is 98%, speci?city 90 %, PPV 95% and NPV 90%. Measurements of the AV ?stula blood Conclusion ?ow in proximal artery and draining vein with its diameter of lumen were noted in the early postoperative period has a role predicting AV ?stula failure. There is risk of failure if the blood ?ow less than 182 ml/min (day 0–7)